Which pre-Columbian civilization is noted for its extensive road systems and advanced agricultural practices?

The Inca Empire is particularly noted for its extensive road systems and advanced agricultural practices. The Incas developed an impressive network of roads that stretched for thousands of miles across varied and challenging terrains, allowing for efficient communication, trade, and the movement of their armies throughout the vast empire. This infrastructure was pivotal in unifying diverse regions and managing resources effectively.

In addition, the Incas were adept agriculturalists who utilized advanced techniques such as terracing to cultivate crops on steep hillsides. They also implemented sophisticated irrigation systems that allowed them to maximize arable land in the rugged geography of the Andes. Their agricultural innovations supported a large population and included the domestication of various staple crops, such as potatoes and maize.

While other civilizations listed, like the Aztec Empire, had notable achievements, their road systems and agricultural techniques did not match the scale and innovation seen in the Inca Empire. The Caddo Nation and Chaco Canyon also had their unique contributions, but they did not exhibit the extensive road networks and advanced agricultural practices found in the Inca civilization.