What was the primary function of Chaco Canyon during its peak between 850 and 1150?

Chaco Canyon served primarily as a ceremonial center during its peak, from 850 to 1150. This significance is evidenced by the numerous large, complex structures, known as great houses, which are believed to have been used for ceremonial purposes rather than just residential living. The presence of elaborate kivas (ceremonial rooms) and the layout of the structures indicate that rituals and gatherings were central to the community's life.

Additionally, Chaco Canyon was a focal point for cultural and religious activities, drawing people from various surrounding regions for ceremonies. The extensive network of roads originating from Chaco suggests that it was a pilgrimage site, with people traveling significant distances to participate in these rituals. While trade did occur and there were likely some aspects of residential life, the overarching importance of Chaco Canyon during this era was its role in the spiritual and ceremonial practices of the Native American peoples, particularly the Ancestral Puebloans.