What major effect did the arrival of the railroad have on Texas in the late 19th century?

The arrival of the railroad in Texas during the late 19th century had a profound impact on trade and transportation throughout the state. Railroads provided a faster and more efficient means of moving goods and people, which was crucial for the economic development of Texas. Prior to the railroads, transportation relied heavily on riverways and limited overland routes, which restricted the flow of commerce and the movement of agricultural products, livestock, and manufactured goods.

With the expansion of the railroad network, it became possible to transport cattle from ranches to markets in distant cities, supporting the booming cattle industry. Additionally, railroads connected rural areas to urban centers, allowing farmers to access larger markets for their products. This integration of Texas into national trade networks not only boosted the economy but also facilitated immigration and settlement, as people moved to Texas for new opportunities created by the accessibility provided by railroads.

Therefore, the major effect of the arrival of the railroad was its role in enhancing trade and transportation, which contributed significantly to Texas becoming an economic powerhouse in the 19th century.