What major country did Texas gain independence from in 1836?

Texas gained independence from Mexico in 1836 after a series of conflicts known as the Texas Revolution. The rebellion was propelled by various factors, including a rising discontent among Texian (Anglo settlers in Texas) citizens regarding the centralist policies of the Mexican government, as well as cultural and political differences between the Mexican authorities and the predominantly Anglo population of Texas. This struggle culminated in significant battles, notably the Siege of Bexar and the pivotal Battle of San Jacinto, where Texian forces, under Sam Houston's leadership, decisively defeated the Mexican army led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna.

The result of this victory was the signing of the Treaties of Velasco, which though contested in their validity, led to the establishment of the Republic of Texas as an independent nation. This historical context emphasizes the unique position Texas holds in American history as a former independent republic before its annexation to the United States in 1845.